many operators use 1:1 address translation as an alternative solution for routing public IPs to subscriber's Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), but it's important to know that although this scheme simplifies administration until the introduction of IPv6, it is unequal both from the subscriber's point of view because the service is usually chargeable, and from the networking point of view, because some client software knows about private addresses and behaves differently than in case of public addresses, for example, in torrents, the local retracker autodetection ceases to work, trackers sometimes give out lower number of peers to subscribers with private addresses, which affects the download speed, furthermore the subscriber can not use his public IPv4 address as IPv6 through the mechanism 6to4, supported by many routers used to deploy home networks, so the SIP clients try to use the STUN server, though it is not necessary and so on, in addition with the IPv6/Dual Stack using the operator still have to learn how to route public addressesThis is an old revision of the document!
Settings and management
This service is managed at the separate subscriber level using fdpi_ctrl
Command format:
fdpi_ctrl command --service 11 [options list] [IP_list or login]
The command syntax and ways of setting IP addresses are described in the Management of policing and services section.
Activation of address translation for subscribers is carried out with service 11.
CG-NAT
Create named profile that defines CGNAT IP pool parameters:
fdpi_ctrl load profile --service 11 --profile.name test_nat --profile.json '{ "nat_ip_pool" : "5.200.43.0/24,5.200.44/25", "nat_tcp_max_sessions" : 2000, "nat_udp_max_sessions" : 2000 }'
Here:
nat_ip_pool- exernal (public) IP addresses in CIDR, the pool size should not be smaller than the number of worker threadsnat_tcp_max_sessions- maximum number of TCP session that subscriber can createnat_udp_max_sessions- maximum number of UDP session that subscriber can create
In case a
login is bound to several IPs, the session counter is separate for each IP address.
When specifying a range of external IP addresses, you can specify one or more ranges separated by commas; also you can dynamically add additional ranges to a previously created pool.
You can exclude reserved addresses from the range (according to the classless addressing convention, these are gateway and broadcast addresses) by adding the "~" symbol to the range definition at the end of the
You can exclude reserved addresses from the range (according to the classless addressing convention, these are gateway and broadcast addresses) by adding the "~" symbol to the range definition at the end of the
cidr definition, for example 5.200.43.0/24~
NAT 1:1
Create profile for service NAT 1:11), where specify the range of IP addresses within the pool
fdpi_ctrl load profile --service 11 --profile.name test_nat --profile.json '{ "nat_ip_pool" : "5.200.44.0/24", "nat_type" : 1 }'
where nat_ip_pool is the range of external IP addresses in CIDR format, the pool size must be at least the number of worker threads
When specifying a range of external IP addresses, you can specify one or more ranges separated by commas; also you can dynamically add additional ranges to a previously created pool.
You can exclude reserved addresses from the range (according to the classless addressing convention, these are gateway and broadcast addresses) by adding the "~" symbol to the range definition at the end of the cidr definition, for example 5.200.43.0/24~
You can exclude reserved addresses from the range (according to the classless addressing convention, these are gateway and broadcast addresses) by adding the "~" symbol to the range definition at the end of the cidr definition, for example 5.200.43.0/24~
NAT Service Management
Activate service 11 to subscriber with named profile (assign the pool with pareameters above)
fdpi_ctrl load --service 11 --profile.name test_nat --ip 192.168.0.1 or fdpi_ctrl load --service 11 --profile.name test_nat --login test_subs or fdpi_ctrl load --service 11 --profile.name test_nat --cidr 192.168.1.0/24
View the list of all NAT profiles
fdpi_ctrl list all profile --service 11
Additional Settings
Additional in global parameters /etc/dpi/fastdpi.conf it is possible to set:
nat_ports=1024-65535- port range using for NAT translation on public IP addreses (default value is in example)
nat_max_profiles=24- maximum number of named profiles with CGNAT pool parameters (allowed maximum parameter value 65000, server memory also limit this parameter)
nat_exclude_private=1- prevent NAT translation when both addresses are private (bitmask)- 0 — always convert private → public
- 1 — do not do NAT for private addresses (ip_src and ip_dst are grayed out or are in psz_prms_user_private)
- 2 — ip_src — private with psz_prms_user_private and AS for dst_ip = local
- 4 — ip_src — private with prms_user_private and AS for dst_ip = peer
nat_private_cidr=201.201.201.201/24,8.8.8.8/32- specifies the extended private address ranges (at most 4 addresses) in addition to the standard ones:
10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/12 192.168.0.0/16 100.64.0.0/10
lifetime_flow=60- short queue lifetime in seconds for TCP SYN, FIN, UDP (60 is the default value)lifetime_flow_long=300- long queue lifetime for TCP DATA connection (300 is the default value)
Starting with version 12.0, it is now possible to select the method of hashing flow by worker threads. When using the new method, address distribution does not depend on the number of worker threads. It is configured by parameter rx_dispatcher in fastpdi.conf (restart of the service is required to save changes):
rx_dispatcher=0- default method(IP_SRC+IP_DST)%N ) & IP_MASKrx_dispatcher=1- method with uniform balancing over an arbitrary number of flows with NAT 1:1 support with the requirement to assign specific addresses(CRC(IP_SRC)%N+CRC(IP_DST)%N)%Nrx_dispatcher=2- method with uniform balancing over an arbitrary number of flows without NAT 1:1 support with the requirement to assign specific addresses
In order to guarantee NAT (translation) for a private IP address to any public IP address when using NAT 1:1, you must specify the IP address range that is used in NAT 1:1. This is configured by the nat_transcode_cidr parameter in fastdpi.conf (restart of the service is required to save changes), which specifies the CIDR of the public operator addresses. It is possible to specify only 2 CIDRs (in case of using more CIDRs, it is allowed to specify a wider CIDR):
nat_transcode_cidr=201.201.210.0/24,201.210.210.0/29
The nat_transcode_cidr parameter is only relevant when using the new distribution method AND using NAT 1:1. In other cases this parameter is not taken into account and is not considered an error.
Parameters and possible values
| Параметры профиля NAT | |
|---|---|
| Параметр | Значение |
nat_ip_poolstring | Диапазон внешних IP адресов в формате CIDR. Размер пула должен быть не меньше числа рабочих потоков. |
nat_tcp_max_sessionsinteger | Максимальное количество TCP сессий, которые может создать абонент. По умолчанию: 2000. |
nat_udp_max_sessionsinteger | Максимальное количество UDP сессий, которые может создать абонент. По умолчанию: 2000. |
nat_typeinteger | Задает тип профиля. Варианты: 0 --- CGNAT;1 --- NAT 1:1. |
nat_portsstring | Диапазон используемых для трансляции портов на внешних адресах. По умолчанию: 1024-65535. |
| Параметры fastdpi.conf | |
| Параметр | Значение |
nat_max_profilesinteger | Максимальное количество профилей с параметрами пулов. По умолчанию: 4. Максимум: 65000 (при наличии достаточного объема оперативной памяти). |
nat_exclude_privateinteger | Исключает NAT преобразование если оба адреса приватные. Варианты: 0 --- off ← (по умолчанию).1 --- Не делаем NAT для приватных адресов (ip_src и ip_dst --- приватные или находятся в psz_prms_user_private).2 --- ip_src — приватный с учетом psz_prms_user_private и AS для dst_ip = local.4 --- ip_src — приватный с учетом prms_user_private и AS для dst_ip = peer. |
nat_private_cidrstring | Задает дополнительные диапазоны приватных адресов в дополнение к стандартным диапазонам2). Максимум: 4 диапазона. |
lifetime_flowinteger | Определяет время короткой очереди в секундах для TCP SYN, FIN, UDP. По умолчанию: 60. |
lifetime_flow_longinteger | Определяет время длинной очереди в секундах для TCP DATA установленного соединения. По умолчанию: 300. |
nat_transcode_cidrstring Добавлен в версии 12.0 | Задает CIDR публичных адресов оператора. Возможно указать только 2 CIDR (в случае использования большего количества CIDR, допустимо указание более широкого CIDR). Значения используются при перекодировке публичный –> приватный для NAT 1:1. Для приватного адреса может быть назначен любой публичный адрес для NAT 1:1. |
rx_dispatcherinteger Добавлен в версии 12.0 | Метод хеширования flow по рабочим потокам. Варианты: 0 --- прежний метод ← (по умолчанию). (IP_SRC+IP_DST)%N ) & IP_MASK1 --- метод с равномерной балансировкой по произвольному количеству потоков с поддержкой NAT 1:1 с требованием назначения конкретных адресов. (CRC(IP_SRC)%N+CRC(IP_DST)%N)%N2 --- метод с равномерной балансировкой по произвольному количеству потоков без поддержки NAT 1:1 с требованием назначения конкретных адресов. |
1)
many operators use 1:1 address translation as an alternative solution for routing public IPs to subscriber's Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), but it's important to know that although this scheme simplifies administration until the introduction of IPv6, it is unequal both from the subscriber's point of view because the service is usually chargeable, and from the networking point of view, because some client software knows about private addresses and behaves differently than in case of public addresses, for example, in torrents, the local retracker autodetection ceases to work, trackers sometimes give out lower number of peers to subscribers with private addresses, which affects the download speed, furthermore the subscriber can not use his public IPv4 address as IPv6 through the mechanism 6to4, supported by many routers used to deploy home networks, so the SIP clients try to use the STUN server, though it is not necessary and so on, in addition with the IPv6/Dual Stack using the operator still have to learn how to route public addresses
many operators use 1:1 address translation as an alternative solution for routing public IPs to subscriber's Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), but it's important to know that although this scheme simplifies administration until the introduction of IPv6, it is unequal both from the subscriber's point of view because the service is usually chargeable, and from the networking point of view, because some client software knows about private addresses and behaves differently than in case of public addresses, for example, in torrents, the local retracker autodetection ceases to work, trackers sometimes give out lower number of peers to subscribers with private addresses, which affects the download speed, furthermore the subscriber can not use his public IPv4 address as IPv6 through the mechanism 6to4, supported by many routers used to deploy home networks, so the SIP clients try to use the STUN server, though it is not necessary and so on, in addition with the IPv6/Dual Stack using the operator still have to learn how to route public addresses2)
Стандартные диапазоны: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, 100.64.0.0/10
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