Cache management utility [Документация VAS Experts]
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    en:dpi:dpi_components:mediaserver:ccu:start [2023/08/29 07:49] – edrudichgmailcomen:dpi:dpi_components:mediaserver:ccu:start [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
    Line 1: Line 1:
    -====== Cache management utility ====== 
    -{{indexmenu_n>4}} 
    -CCU - Cache Control Utility 
      
    -CCU is designed to load  data into the cache, manage its content and collect statistics. The utility supports a flexible configuration which includes all the specified parameters. 
    - 
    -======= CCU configuration ======= 
    - 
    -The main configuration file is the //__/etc/ccu/ccu.conf__//. The configuration in this file is specified using the [[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML|YAML]] format. 
    - 
    -===== YAML format ===== 
    -The basic elements of the [[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML|YAML]] format are: 
    -  * "Key-Value" pair, for example:\\ ''default: offpeak''\\                                           
    -  * value sequence, for example:\\ ''- "00:00:00 - 01:00:00"''\\ ''- "17:00:00 - 23:59:59"'' 
    - 
    -It is possible to create complex data structures based on the basic elements. 
    - 
    -One of the principles describing complex structures laid down in the [[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML|YAML]] format is the formatting nested elements rule using indents from the beginning of the line. Elements located on the same hierarchy level must have the same number of leading spaces, for example, the following text: 
    -<code bash> 
    -# 
    -# Time classes 
    -time_classes:              # Defines the classes of time 
    -    default:    offpeak    # Specifies the default value for time classes 
    -                           # All others items define the names of time classes and rules for them definition 
    -                           # Each rule is started from the name of day category and contains 
    -                           # the list of ranges of times in form "HH:MI:SS-HH:MI:SS" 
    - 
    -    peak: 
    -        workdays: 
    -            - "00:00:00 - 01:00:00" 
    -            - "17:00:00 - 23:59:59" 
    -        weekend_eve: 
    -            - "00:00:00 - 02:00:00" 
    -            - "16:00:00 - 23:59:59" 
    -        weekend: 
    -            - "00:00:00 - 02:00:00" 
    -            - "09:00:00 - 23:59:59" 
    -        holidays: 
    -            - "00:00:00 - 02:00:00" 
    -            - "09:00:00 - 23:59:59"             
    -</code> 
    - 
    -can be treated as  the ''time_classes'' data structure  having the following fields: ''default'' and ''peak''. The ''peak'' field in turn is also a structure with the ''workdays'', ''weekend_eve'', ''weekend''and ''holidays'' fields  which are the named string series. 
    - 
    -Given the above, the main rule when editing [[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML|YAML]] format documents is **__using a certain number of whitespaces to  form indents instead of using tabs__**. 
    - 
    -===== Conventions to specify the parameters ===== 
    -  * To specify the name of a particular field in a complex nested structure, you should use the full field name, which is an enumeration of all field names separated by a slash, for example: ''time_classes/peak/workdays'' 
    -  * To specify the name of user-defined element or the name of element that refers to another element, you should use the symbolic element definition specified between the signs less and more, for example: ''time_classes/peak///<the_day_category>//'' 
    -  * Unless otherwise specified, the full name is specified to be relative to the entire configuration file, for example: ''time_classes/peak/workdays'', or when describing the full name, you can specify its base, for example: the time classes description (''time_classes'') are specified by the parameters in the ''//<time_class>/////<the_day_category>//''form that contain a listing of time intervals 
    - 
    -===== Parameters ===== 
    -==== Working directories ==== 
    -The following two parameters specify the directories where files with running processes identifiers will be stored -''pid_files_path'' and working files of the cache management utility - ''work_files_path''. Among the working files, in particular, are the files that store the cache usage statistics. 
    -<code bash> 
    -# 
    -# PID files path, default: /var/run/ccu 
    -pid_files_path:     /var/run/ccu 
    - 
    -# 
    -# Work files directory, default: /var/lib/ccu 
    -work_files_path:    /var/lib/ccu 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -==== Events ==== 
    -When the certain events occur the ** ccu ** can perform actions specified by the user. Actions to be executed should be specified to meet the rules of the command line interpreter.\\ 
    -Only one event currently is supported: creation of a text file containing information about objects stored in caches. To set the response to the event, you should define the ''events/on_after_enumeration_creation'' parameter. A command to create a binary cache contents representation in the event configuration template is specified. 
    - 
    -<code bash> 
    -# 
    -# Events 
    -events: 
    -    # Command which should be executed after caches' files enumeration 
    -    on_after_enumeration_creation:  "cut -d' ' -f2 /var/cache/ccu/data/enumerated.cs | url2dic /var/cache/ccu/data/enumerated.bin" 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -==== Logging ==== 
    -Logging options include the path to the log files, as well as the message levels to be written to the file. The most detailed journaling level is the //''debug''// level, i.e. when it is enabled all possible messages will be written to the file. When the //''error''// journaling level is specified, only errors will be written to the file.\\ 
    -The logging levels are specified separately for each **ccu** command. 
    - 
    -<code bash> 
    -# 
    -# Logging parameters 
    -logging: 
    -    path:           /var/log/ccu 
    -    levels:                                     # Enabled log levels for particular command 
    -                                                # Possible levels are: 
    -                                                #   error, warning, info, diagnostic, debug 
    -                                                # default logging level is "info" 
    -        load:       "info" 
    -        purge:      "info" 
    -        remove:     "warning" 
    -        online:     "info" 
    -        monitor:    "info" 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -==== Statistics collection ==== 
    -The fields of the ''statistics/collectors///<statistics_collector>//'' parameter specify the node address and the port the data about the cache usage will be sent. In the future, the name of the statistical collector can be used when [[#Statistics|describing the CACHEs]]. 
    - 
    -<code bash> 
    -# 
    -# Statistics parameters 
    -statistics: 
    -    collectors:                                 # list of collectors' descriptions  
    -        local:                                  # name of collector description 
    -            host:   localhost                   # listening address 
    -            port:   1600                        # listening port 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -==== Day categories and time classes ==== 
    -Day classes and time classes are used to specify the restrictions for data loading to the cache. 
    -In order to specify the category of the day, you should create the ''day_categories///<day_category>//'' parameter, whose value is the list of days that fall into the created day category. 
    -The day list element can be both the name of the day of the week, as well as a partially or fully defined date. 
    -When determining the category of a day for a specific date, the more particular definitions are examined in the first place, after that the more general ones are examined. 
    -  
    -<code bash> 
    -# 
    -# Day categories 
    -day_categories:    # Defines day categories which could be used in time class definitions 
    -                   # Items under "day_categories" define names of categories; 
    -                   # To define the day categorie it is necessary to specify list of values, 
    -                   # value can be one of following: 
    -                   #   -   week day 
    -                   #   -   partially or fully defined date in form DD.MM.YYYY 
    -                   #       for example: 
    -                   #       "01"            - the first day of each month 
    -                   #       "07.01"         - the 7th of January of each year 
    -                   #       "09.05.2015"    - 2015, the 9th of May  
    - 
    -    workdays:       [Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu] 
    -    weekend_eve:    [Fri] 
    -    weekend:        [Sat, Sun] 
    - 
    -    holidays: 
    -        - "01.01" 
    -        - "07.01" 
    -        - "23.02" 
    -        - "08.03" 
    -        - "01.05" 
    -        - "09.05" 
    -        - "12.06" 
    -        - "04.11" 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -Time classes divide the day of a certain category into time intervals. To specify the time class, you should create the ''time_classes///<time_class>//'' parameter, as well as a parameters set for a time class that define the day category. Its values are represented by a list of time intervals. The default ''time_classes/default'' time class parameter is specified in a special way. If the time class can not be determined using the specified parameters, then the default time class will be used instead.\\ 
    -\\ 
    -In the example below, the ''peak'' time class is specified and the time intervals for each day category considered to be peaking are defined. If no rule specifying the peak time class can be used, then the default time ''offpeak'' class will be used.   
    - 
    -<code bash> 
    -# 
    -# Time classes 
    -time_classes:              # Defines the classes of time 
    -    default:    offpeak    # Specifies the default value for time classes 
    -                           # All others items define the names of time classes and rules for them definition 
    -                           # Each rule is started from the name of day categorie and contains 
    -                           # the list of ranges of times in form "HH:MI:SS-HH:MI:SS" 
    - 
    -    peak: 
    -        workdays: 
    -            - "00:00:00 - 01:00:00" 
    -            - "17:00:00 - 23:59:59" 
    - 
    -        weekend_eve: 
    -            - "00:00:00 - 02:00:00" 
    -            - "16:00:00 - 23:59:59" 
    - 
    -        weekend: 
    -            - "00:00:00 - 02:00:00" 
    -            - "09:00:00 - 23:59:59" 
    - 
    -        holidays: 
    -            - "00:00:00 - 02:00:00" 
    -            - "09:00:00 - 23:59:59" 
    -</code> 
    -==== Jobs ==== 
    -The job parameters are specified as nested ''jobs'' parameter structures. There are the following tasks: 
    -  * ''jobs/monitor'' - monitoring of the network interfaces and data cache usage; 
    -  * ''jobs/load'' - data cache loading/validating; 
    -  * ''jobs/scan'' - auxiliary task designed for data analysis [[#Storage|Storages]]; 
    - 
    -Further, when describing, the full parameter name will be based on the ''jobs'' parameter . 
    - 
    -=== Monitoring === 
    -For the monitoring job, you should specify the incoming connection parameters (''monitor/listener/host'' and ''monitor/listener/port''), which will be used to receive messages from other processes. If one computer is used for all processes, then these parameters have to match the parameters defined for [[#Statistics gathering|statistics collectors description]].\\ 
    -\\ 
    -In other words, the ''monitor/listener'' parameter specifies the server side of the IP connection, and the parameters specified within the [[#Statistics gathering|statistics collectors description]] determine the client side one.\\ 
    -\\ 
    -The monitoring job, in addition to gathering statistics of the processes operating with the cache, also gathers system information on network interfaces. In order to limit the list of network interfaces used to gather statistics, it is necessary to specify them in a list in the ''monitor/network_interfaces'' parameter. 
    - 
    -<code bash> 
    -    monitor: 
    -        listener:                               # listener collects information from different processes about 
    -                                                # incoming/outgoing traffic 
    -            host:       localhost 
    -            port:       1600 
    - 
    -        network_interfaces:                     # list of network interfaces which is used for getting 
    -                                                # incoming/outgoing traffic statistics 
    -                                                # if list is empty, all interfaces except "lo" will be used 
    -            - 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -=== Load === 
    -Load parameters are divided into generic ones, which are specified as fields of the ''load'' parameter; used in offline-loading (''load/offline''); used in online-loading (''load/online''); 
    - 
    -Generic load parameters: 
    -<code bash> 
    -    # 
    -    # Load jobs parameters 
    -    load: 
    -        ip_binding:                  # optional, list of local IP-adresses which could be used 
    -                                     # to binding while loading 
    -            - 
    - 
    -        ignored_clients:             # list of CIDRs for source IP addresses which should be ignored; 
    -                                     # list could be defined internally into configuration file as list of CIDRs 
    -                                     # under key "cidr_list" or into external files under key "cidr_files"; 
    -                                     # if list is defined externally in file, each line that file must contain 
    -                                     # only one CIDR 
    -            cidr_list: 
    -                - 
    -            cidr_files: 
    -                - 
    - 
    -        rate_limits:                 # defines rate limit for data loading depending on time class; 
    -                                     # value can be one of following: 
    -                                     #   - "unlimited" 
    -                                     #   - number of bytes which defines amount of loaded data per second 
    -            offpeak:    unlimited 
    -            peak:       1m 
    -         
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -The ''load/ip_binding'' parameter specifies the IP address list to be used when loading the data, the listed addresses are used evenly.\\ 
    -\\ 
    -The ''load/ignored_clients'' parameter allows to specify the list of CIDR to be ignored, the requests being sent from these CIDR should not be taken into account when loading data. CIDRs can be specified both in the configuration file (the ''load/ignored_clients/cidr_list'' list), and in the external files (the ''load/ignored_clients/cidr_files'' list).\\ 
    -\\ 
    -The ''load/rate_limits'' parameter defines the loading data speed limitations based on the [[#Day categories and time classes|time classes]]. To set a limit on the speed of loading data at a certain time, you should to create the ''load / rate_limits /// <time class> //'' parameter which value is used to set the desired limitation. 
    - 
    -Offline-load parameters: 
    -<code bash> 
    -    # 
    -    # Load jobs parameters 
    -    load: 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -        offline: 
    -            parallel_workers:       1     # optional, number of parallel loading jobs, default 1 
    -            job_awaiting_time:      10    # awaiting time for job in a queue in seconds; 
    -                                          # if after this time no one job is in the queue, 
    -                                          # worker finishes its execution 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -Online-load parameters can be divided into the following logical groups: 
    -  * Descriptions of IPFIX stream sources 
    -  * Description of the input IPFIX flow analysis 
    -  * Description of the requested objects collectors 
    -  * Description of data loading processes 
    - 
    -Descriptions of IPFIX stream sources are specified in the ''load/online/exporters'' structure: 
    -<code bash> 
    -    # 
    -    # Load jobs parameters 
    -    load: 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -         
    -        online: 
    -            exporters:                          # list of IPFIX exporters 
    -                main: 
    -                    queue_size: 1000            # optional, max number of messages from exporter which is sent to analyzing queue, 
    -                                                # must be between 1 and 100000, default: 1000 
    - 
    -                    host:       localhost       # host name or IP-address 
    -                    port:       1500            # listening port 
    -                    protocol:   udp             # one of possible protocols: UDP or TCP 
    - 
    -                    information_elements:                   # list of used information elements; 
    -                                                            # names are reserved, values must be in form "PEN/NUM" 
    -                        timestamp:          "43823/1001"    # mandatory, timestamp of event, must be IPFIX dateTimeSeconds 
    -                        host:               "43823/1005"    # mandatory, host name, must be IPFIX string 
    -                        path:               "43823/1006"    # mandatory, path to resource, must be IPFIX string 
    -                        login:              "43823/1002"    # optional, login, must be IPFIX string 
    -                        source_ip4:         "43823/1003"    # optional, source IP-address 
    -                        destination_ip4:    "43823/1004"    # optional, destination IP-address 
    -                        referal:            "43823/1007"    # optional, referal, must be IPFIX string 
    -                        user_agent:         "43823/1008"    # optional, user agent, must be IPFIX string 
    -                        cookie:             "43823/1009"    # optional, cookie, must be IPFIX string 
    - 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -To create a description of the IPFIX stream source, you should create the ''load/online/exporters///<IPFIX-источник>//''structure according to the example above. You should pay attention to specifying the following parameters: 
    -  * ''load/online/exporters///<IPFIX-источник>///host'' and ''load/online/exporters///<IPFIX-источник>///port'' - definition of the server socket parameters (IPFIX stream should be sent to this address); 
    -  * ''load/online/exporters///<IPFIX-источник>///protocol'' - the definition of the protocol used to send messages; 
    - 
    -The input IPFIX flow analysis description is specified in the ''load/online/analyzing'' structure: 
    -<code bash> 
    -    # 
    -    # Load jobs parameters 
    -    load: 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -         
    -        online: 
    -            # ... skipping ... 
    -             
    -            analyzing:                          # the analyzing processes perform URL rewriting, filtering  
    -                                                # and binding URLs getting from exporters to cache's definition 
    -                                                # each analyzzng process sends valid URLs to collection queue 
    -                parallel_workers:   1           # optional, number of parallel analyzing jobs, default 1 
    -                queue_size:         1000        # optional, max number of messages from each analyzing process 
    -                                                # which is sent to collecting queue, must be between 1 and 100000, 
    -                                                # default: 1000 
    - 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -When specifying the analyzer parameters, you should focus initially on the ''load/online/analyzing/parallel_workers''  parameter. When there is a large number of messages from the processes receiving an IPFIX stream, the analyzer processes number should be increased. The indication to increase the number of analyzer processes is the message about the message queue overflow in the log files of the processes responsible for receiving the IPFIX stream. 
    - 
    -The description of the requested objects collectors is specified in the ''load/online/collectors'' structure: 
    -<code bash> 
    -    # 
    -    # Load jobs parameters 
    -    load: 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -         
    -        online: 
    -            # ... skipping ... 
    - 
    -            collectors:                         # list of collectors 
    -                default:                        # the collector is used for aggregation of identical URLs 
    -                                                # and distributes them into time windows 
    -                                                # each event could hit no more than 1 window according to event's timestamp 
    -                                                # the time window is a period of time which defines interval of time in the past 
    -                                                # it is possible to have many time windows, in this case each window is 
    -                                                # connected to previous one 
    - 
    -                    slots:          24          # optional, number of windows, could not be greater than 100, default 24 
    -                    window:         3600        # optional, window size in seconds, could not be less than 60 secs, default 3600 
    - 
    -                week_by_4_hours: 
    -                    slots:          42 
    -                    window:         14400 
    - 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -The collector of the requested objects is the main factor for deciding whether to start the object download. Logically, the collector is a collection of counters in the sliding time intervals in the past from the present. When an object is requested, the counter is incremented in a certain interval, and as soon as the total value of all object counters reaches the threshold value specified within the [[#Cache description|cache description]], the object loading is permitted.\\ 
    -\\ 
    -In order to create the collector description, you should create the following parameters: 
    -  * ''load/online/collectors///<object collector>///slots'' - number of intervals; 
    -  * ''load/online/collectors///<object collector>///window'' - the size of each interval; 
    - 
    -In the example above, two collectors are described: ''default'' and ''week_by_4_hours''. The ''default'' collector has 24 1-hour intervals, i.e. allows you to analyze the number of object requests during the day. \\ 
    - 
    -The description of the data loading processes is specified in the ''load/online/loading'' structure: 
    -<code bash> 
    -    # 
    -    # Load jobs parameters 
    -    load: 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -         
    -        online: 
    -            # ... skipping ... 
    - 
    -            loading: 
    -                parallel_workers:       1       # optional, number of parallel loading jobs, default 1 
    -                queue_size:             100     # optional, max number of messages from collecting process 
    -                                                # which is sent to loading queue, must be between "parallel_workers" and 10000, 
    -                                                # default: 100 
    -                unbuffered_queue_size:  10      # optional, if current queue size less or equal this value, the messages from 
    -                                                # collecting process will put into loading queue immediately. The messages will be buffered 
    -                                                # and ordered before puting into loading queue according to URLs' weight; 
    -                                                # must be between 0 and "queue_size" - 2 * "parallel_workers", default 2 * "parallel_workers" 
    - 
    -        # ... skipping ... 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -When specifying the load process parameters you should pay attention to the number of parallel processes. Do not significantly increase the queue size ( the ''load/online/loading/queue_size'' parameter), since when using a large value for this parameter at startup, the queue will be populated with objects that satisfy the load startup conditions, but it is possible that objects that are requested more frequently will appear during the queue processing. 
    - 
    -=== Scanning === 
    -Scanning is an auxiliary job that starts when loading and deleting data from the cache. 
    - 
    -<code bash> 
    -    # 
    -    # Scannig jobs parameters 
    -    scan: 
    -        workers:                            # the scanning processes perform scan cache directories on demand; 
    -                                            # each scanning process sends information about found items to scanning queue 
    -            parallel_workers:   4           # optional, number of parallel scanning jobs, default 4 
    -            job_queue_size:     5000        # optional, max number of messages in job queue, must be between 1000 and 10000 
    -                                            # default: 5000 
    -            result_queue_size:  100000      # optional, max number of messages from each scanner process 
    -                                            # which are sent to result scanning queue, must be between 1000 and 1000000, 
    -                                            # default: 100000 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -The functions performed by the scan task include the following: 
    -  * initial directories scanning when the load process starts or when old objects are removed; 
    -  * checking the lifetime of object in the cache and removing it, if necessary; 
    -  * removal of objects on request from the control process; 
    -  * checking the compliance of the object stored in the cache with its original; 
    - 
    -==== Storage ==== 
    -Storage parameters are specified as the ''storage_parameters'' parameter fields. All storage parameters are divided into the following groups: 
    -  * storage general characteristics - the ''storage_parameters/general'' structure 
    -  * CACHEs parameters description - the ''storage_parameters/caches'' structure 
    - 
    -General parameters specify the path to the storage root, as well as the maximum size that can be allocated to all the objects of the cache: 
    -<code bash> 
    -storage_parameters: 
    -    general: 
    -        path:      "/var/cache/ccu/data"   # optional, base path for caches, default: /var/cache/ccu/data; 
    -        max_size:  "1T"                    # optional ("unlimited", 0 or missed - unlimited), 
    -                                           # maximum data size for all caches, possible suffixes are: 
    -                                           # Kb, Mb, Gb, Tb, Pb or without trailing "b" just K, M, G, T, P 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -The parameters of a particular cache are specified as the ''storage_parameters/caches///<cache description>//'' structure, for example: 
    -<code bash> 
    -storage_parameters: 
    -    # ... skipping ... 
    -     
    -    caches: 
    -        youtube.com: 
    -            is_enabled:             yes    # optional (default yes), if value is "no" the cache definition 
    -                                           # will not be used for loading data 
    - 
    -    # ... skipping ... 
    -</code> 
    -specifies the [[#Cache description|cache description]] using the ''youtube.com'' name. 
    - 
    -=== Cache description === 
    -The parameter names will be based on the  ''storage_parameters/caches///<cache description>//'' parameter when describing cache parameters in this section.\\ 
    -\\ 
    -The ''is_enabled'' parameter specifies whether objects will be loaded into the cache or not. 
    - 
    -== Statistics == 
    -The cache statistics are specified in the ''statistics'' structure: 
    -<code bash> 
    -      statistics: 
    -          group:              "youtube.com"       # name of statistic's group 
    -                                                  # all statistics in the same group is aggregated together 
    -          collector:          local               # name of statistics collector 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -The ''statistics/group'' the parameter specifies the group where the cache operations will be taken account. The ''statistics/collector'' parameter specifies [[#Statistics gathering|statistics collector]], which will account for cache transactions. 
    - 
    -== Online-loading == 
    -For the online-loading, you need to specify the following parameters: 
    -<code bash> 
    -      online: 
    -          collector:          "week_by_4_hours"   # name of collector which should be used 
    -                                                  # for online processing 
    -          validating: 
    -              interval:       24h                 # revalidating interval for particular cache item; 
    -                                                  # could be used only for caches with "general" algorithm 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -The ''online/collector'' parameter specifies the collector name of the requested objects. The ''online/validating/interval'' parameter can only be used by the cache with //''general''// load algorithm and specifies the time interval defining how often the cache-stored object will be checked against its original. 
    - 
    -== Loading == 
    -The following parameters are used to specify the load rules: 
    -<code bash> 
    -      loading: 
    -          algorithm:          "youtube.com"    # internal algorithm name 
    -          required_weight:    3                # min URL's weight which is required to start loading, default 3 
    - 
    -          urls: 
    -              matching:    # list of parameters for URL matching and rewriting; 
    -                           # - the "key" item is used for unique identification of object; 
    -                           # - the "target" item specifies target value for URL; usually target is used as  
    -                           #   as additional URL for loading 
    -                           # - the "weight" item is used as weight addition, default 1; 
    -                           # all items under "sources" are used as a source masks; 
    -                           # the "key" and "target" can be omitted in this case 
    -                           # the sources URLs will not be rewritten. 
    -                           # it is necessary to have at least one URL in sources. 
    -                           # It is possible to use in the key and target's expression variables from sources; 
    -                           # See RE syntax on https://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html 
    - 
    -                  -   key:        '\1' 
    -                      weight:     1 
    -                      sources: 
    -                          - '^www\.youtube\.com/watch\?v=([a-zA-Z0-9_\-]+)' 
    -                          - '^www\.youtube\.com/embed/([a-zA-Z0-9_\-]+)' 
    - 
    -              ignoring:    # list of regular expr. for ignoring urls 
    -                  -        # default: all matched with matching parameters URLs will be processed 
    - 
    -              loadable_rejecting:    # list of regular expr. for rejecting "real" urls 
    -                                     # which is obtained according to particular URL 
    -                                     # default: all "real" URLs will be processed 
    -                                     # See RE syntax on https://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html 
    - 
    -                  - "itag=(?!(18|22|140)(?![0-9]))" 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -  * The ''loading/algorithm'' parameter defines algorithm to be used for object loading. The following algorithms exist: 
    -    * //youtube.com// - to download video files from youtube.com; 
    -    * //rutube.ru// - to download video files from rutube.ru; 
    -    * //vk.com// - to download video files from vk.com; 
    -    * //general// - general algorithm for loading the source URL; 
    -  * The ''loading/required_weight'' parameter specifies the required collector weight of the requested objects; when the weight is reached, object loading will start; 
    -  * The ''loading/urls/matching'' parameter specifies the rules for original URL processing/overwriting; This parameter is a list of the elements structure with the following fields: 
    -    * ''key'' - the object key, which is issential for the loading algorithm, for example, the object key for the //''youtube.com''// algorithm  is presented by the video identifier; 
    -    * ''weight'' - the weight to be added when the requested object in the collector will be accounted; 
    -    * ''target'' - rewritten original URL; 
    -    * ''sources'' - a list of regular expressions for analyzing original URL; \\ \\ When specifying the mapping rules, you can use references to the elements of the original URL. So in the example above, the '' key '' parameter value is the video id specified as the 1st group in regular expressions. 
    -   
    -  * The ''loading/urls/ignoring'' parameter specifies a list of regular expressions for URLs that passed the matching stage ('loading/urls/matching') and to be excluded from the load; 
    -  * The ''loading/urls/loadable_rejecting'' parameter specifies a list of regular expressions for loadable URLs to be excluded from the load; downloadable URLs are the links to real files obtained when the loading algorithm (''loading/algorithm'') is executed for original URL, for example, in order to execute the //youtube.com// algorithm for the URL specifying the video WEB-page to be viewed, a list of URLs for video and audio files will be received in all available formats. 
    - 
    -== Storage == 
    -The following parameters are used to specify the rules for storing objects: 
    -<code bash> 
    -      storage: 
    -          path:      "sites/youtube.com"     # regard to "storage_parameters/general/path" 
    -          levels:    "2:2"                   # optional, store files in subfolders created by leading symbols 
    -                                             # of md5 sum of file name 
    -                                             # possible values: 
    -                                             #   "1"     - creating subfolder by the last symbol of md5 sum 
    -                                             #   "2"     - creating subfolder by the last two symbols of md5 sum 
    -                                             #   "1:2"   - creating subfolder by the last symbol of md5 sum 
    -                                             #             and creating subfolder by 2th and 3th symbols  
    -                                             #             from the end of md5 sum inside 
    -                                             #   "2:2"   - creating subfolder by the last two symbols of md5 sum 
    -                                             #             and creating subfolder by 3th and 4th symbols 
    -                                             #             from the end of md5 sum inside 
    -          max_size:       "unlimited"        # optional ("unlimited", 0 or missed - general limit will be used), 
    -                                             # maximum data size, possible suffixes are: 
    -                                             # Kb, Mb, Gb, Tb, Pb or without trailing "b" just K, M, G, T, P 
    -          expiry_time:    "30d"              # optional (0 or missed - unlimited), expiry time, 
    -                                             # default in seconds (without suffix) 
    -                                             # possible suffixes are: 
    -                                             #   m   - minutes 
    -                                             #   h   - hours 
    -                                             #   d   - days 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -  * The ''storage/path'' parameter specifies the path for storing objects relative to ''storage_parameters/general/path'' parameter value; 
    -  * The ''storage/levels'' parameter specifies the number of additional directories to be created based on md5-sum of the file name; 
    -  * The ''storage/max_size'' parameter specifies the maximum total size of all objects stored in the cache. If this restriction is not specified, then the entire repository size restriction will be used instead; 
    -  * The ''storage/expiry_time'' parameter specifies the lifetime of an object within the cache from the moment it is loaded; 
    - 
    -== Constraints == 
    -For cache objects, you can set constraints, for example: 
    -<code bash> 
    -      constraints:                          # optional, specifies constraints for loaded files 
    -          min_file_size:    128k            # optional (default 0), min file size, possible suffixes are: 
    -                                            # Kb, Mb, Gb, Tb, Pb or without trailing "b" just K, M, G, T, P 
    -          max_file_size:    "unlimited"     # optional (default unlimited), max file size, possible suffixes are: 
    -                                            # Kb, Mb, Gb, Tb, Pb or without trailing "b" just K, M, G, T, P 
    - 
    -          # optional, command which should be executed after file loading;  
    -          # if command returns non-zero result, the loaded file will be assumed as invalid an will be removed; 
    -          # the next variables could be used in the command: 
    -          #   {cache_name}        - cache name 
    -          #   {full_file_name}    - fully qualified file name 
    -          post_load_validation:   "ft=`file -b {full_file_name}`; echo $ft; echo $ft | grep -E \"WebM|ISO Media|MPEG\" 2>/dev/null 1>&2" 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -==== SSD-Caching ===== 
    -It is possible to get caching of the the most frequently requested storage objects on an SSD, to do so you should define the following parameters: 
    - 
    -<code bash> 
    -# 
    -# SSD caching parameters 
    -ssd_caching: 
    -    is_enabled:         no                      # enable or not SSD caching, by default SSD caching is disabled 
    -    path:               "/var/cache/ccu/ssd"    # optional, base path for SSD caching area, default: /var/cache/ccu/ssd 
    -                                                # NOTES: 
    -                                                #   - to SSD caching you have to mount SSD on specified path (or create link /var/cache/ccu/ssd to mount point) 
    -                                                #   - changes this parameter should be performed in cooperation with changes in web server configuration 
    -                                                #     (it is recomended do not change this parameter) 
    -    max_size:           128G                    # maximum data size for storing on SSD, possible suffixes are: 
    -                                                # Kb, Mb, Gb, Tb, Pb or without trailing "b" just K, M, G, T, P 
    -    required_weight:    10                      # optional, min URL's weight which is required to start caching, default 10 
    - 
    -    uri_prefixes:                               # URI prefixes which are used in HTTP requests to access data 
    -        ssd_cache_requests:     "/ssd"          # optional, prefix for requests to SSD cache, default: "/ssd" 
    -        main_storage_requests:  "/cache"        # optional, prefix for requests to main storage, default: "/cache" 
    - 
    -    frozen_time:        180                     # optional, interval of time in seconds after putting file into cache in which that 
    -                                                # file cannot be replaced by another one, default: 3 * collecting window 
    -                                                # frozen time cannot be less than collecting window 
    - 
    -    collector:                      # the collector is used for aggregation of identical requests 
    -                                    # and distributes them into time windows 
    -        slots:          60          # optional, number of windows, could not be greater than 120, default 60 
    -        window:         60          # optional, window size in seconds, could not be less than 60 secs, default 60 
    - 
    -    workers:                        # the worker processes perform scan cache directories on demand; 
    -                                    # each process sends information about found items to result queue 
    -        parallel_workers:   2       # optional, number of parallel jobs, default 2 
    -        job_queue_size:     5000    # optional, max number of messages in job queue, must be between 1000 and 10000 
    -                                    # default: 5000 
    -        result_queue_size:  100000  # optional, max number of messages from each process 
    -                                    # which is sent to result queue, must be between 1000 and 1000000, 
    -                                    # default: 100000 
    -</code> 
    - 
    -When setting parameters, you should pay attention to the number of working processes and the collector parameters. 
    - 
    -===== Initial configuration ===== 
    -When installing **ccu** the //__/etc/ccu/ccu.conf.default__// configuration template file will be created. To get the proper configuration, you should copy the template file to //__/etc/ccu/ccu.conf__// and edit/check the value of  at least  the following parameters: 
    -  * ''[[#Monitoring|jobs/monitor/network_interfaces]]'' 
    -  * ''[[#Load|jobs/load/ip_binding]]'' 
    -  * ''[[#Load|jobs/load/online/exporters/main/host]]'' 
    -  * ''[[#Load|jobs/load/online/exporters/main/port]]'' 
    -  * ''[[#Load|jobs/load/online/exporters/main/protocol]]'' 
    -  * ''[[#Storage|storage_parameters/general/max_size]]''